Reference

• Reference 01 — The Five Hinges of Western History — Five dates, six eras. Memorise the five numbers and every name, war, building and painting you ever meet has somewhere to go.
• Reference 02 — The Atlantic Ladder — The second row of five. Where Reference 01 gives you Europe's spine, this gives you the Atlantic strand — and one mechanism that explains all of it: every American gain in power follows a European exhaustion.
• Reference 03 — The Six Engines — One page. What powered each era, the phrase that gives it away, and the single question that resolves each border. Print it.